The Congressional Record is a unique source of public documentation. It started in 1873, documenting nearly all the major and minor policies being discussed and debated.
“REGULATORY TRANSITION ACT” mentioning the Federal Reserve System was published in the Senate section on pages S4758-S4761 on March 29, 1995.
The publication is reproduced in full below:
REGULATORY TRANSITION ACT
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the Senate will now resume consideration of S. 219, the Regulatory Transition Act of 1995, which the clerk will report.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
A bill (S. 219) to ensure economy and efficiency of Federal Government operations by establishing a moratorium on regulatory rulemaking actions, and for other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the question now occurs on final passage of S. 219, as amended.
The yeas and nays have been ordered and the clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk called the roll.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there any other Senators in the Chamber who desire to vote?
The result was announced--yeas 100, nays 0, as follows:
[Rollcall Vote No. 117 Leg.]
YEAS--100
AbrahamAkakaAshcroftBaucusBennettBidenBingamanBondBoxerBradleyBreauxBrownBryanBumpersBurnsByrdCampbellChafeeCoatsCochranCohenConradCoverdellCraigD'AmatoDaschleDeWineDoddDoleDomeniciDorganExonFairclothFeingoldFeinsteinFordFristGlennGortonGrahamGrammGramsGrassleyGreggHarkinHatchHatfieldHeflinHelmsHollingsHutchisonInhofeInouyeJeffordsJohnstonKassebaumKempthorneKennedyKerreyKerryKohlKylLautenbergLeahyLevinLiebermanLottLugarMackMcCainMcConnellMikulskiMoseley-BraunMoynihanMurkowskiMurrayNicklesNunnPackwoodPellPresslerPryorReidRobbRockefellerRothSantorumSarbanesShelbySimonSimpsonSmithSnoweSpecterStevensThomasThompsonThurmondWarnerWellstone
So, the bill (S. 219) as amended, was passed as follows:
S. 219
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
TITLE I--REGULATORY TRANSITION
SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ``Regulatory Transition Act of 1995''.
SEC. 102. FINDING.
The Congress finds that effective steps for improving the efficiency and proper management of Government operations will be promoted if a moratorium on the effectiveness of certain significant final rules is imposed in order to provide Congress an opportunity for review.
SEC. 103. MORATORIUM ON REGULATIONS; CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW.
(a) Reporting and Review of Regulations.--
(1) Reporting to congress and the comptroller general.--
(A) Before a rule can take effect as a final rule, the Federal agency promulgating such rule shall submit to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General a report containing--
(i) a copy of the rule;
(ii) a concise general statement relating to the rule; and
(iii) the proposed effective date of the rule.
(B) The Federal agency promulgating the rule shall make available to each House of Congress and the Comptroller General, upon request--
(i) a complete copy of the cost-benefit analysis of the rule, if any;
(ii) the agency's actions relevant to section 603, section 604, section 605, section 607, and section 609 of Public Law 96-354;
(iii) the agency's actions relevant to title II, section 202, section 203, section 204, and section 205 of Public Law 104-4; and
(iv) any other relevant information or requirements under any other Act and any relevant Executive Orders, such as Executive Order 12866.
(C) Upon receipt, each House shall provide copies to the Chairman and Ranking Member of each committee with jurisdiction.
(2) Reporting by the comptroller general.--
(A) The Comptroller General shall provide a report on each significant rule to the committees of jurisdiction to each House of the Congress by the end of 12 calendar days after the submission or publication date as provided in section 104(b)(2). The report of the Comptroller General shall include an assessment of the agency's compliance with procedural steps required by subparagraph (B) (i) through
(iv).
(B) Federal agencies shall cooperate with the Comptroller General by providing information relevant to the Comptroller General's report under paragraph (2)(A) of this section.
(3) Effective date of significant rules.--A significant rule relating to a report submitted under paragraph (1) shall take effect as a final rule, the latest of--
(A) the later of the date occurring 45 days after the date on which--
(i) the Congress receives the report submitted under paragraph (1); or
(ii) the rule is published in the Federal Register;
(B) if the Congress passes a joint resolution of disapproval described under section 104 relating to the rule, and the President signs a veto of such resolution, the earlier date--
(i) on which either House of Congress votes and fails to override the veto of the President; or
(ii) occurring 30 session days after the date on which the Congress received the veto and objections of the President; or
(C) the date the rule would have otherwise taken effect, if not for this section (unless a joint resolution of disapproval under section 104 is enacted).
(4) Effective date for other rules.--Except for a significant rule, a rule shall take effect as otherwise provided by law after submission to Congress under paragraph
(1).
(5) Failure of joint resolution of disapproval.--Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (3), the effective date of a rule shall not be delayed by operation of this title beyond the date on which either House of Congress votes to reject a joint resolution of disapproval under section 104.
(b) Termination of Disapproved Rulemaking.--A rule shall not take effect (or continue) as a final rule, if the Congress passes a joint resolution of disapproval described under section 104.
(c) Presidential Waiver Authority.--
(1) Presidential determinations.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section (except subject to paragraph (3)), a rule that would not take effect by reason of this title may take effect, if the President makes a determination under paragraph (2) and submits written notice of such determination to the Congress.
(2) Grounds for determinations.--Paragraph (1) applies to a determination made by the President by Executive order that the rule should take effect because such rule is--
(A) necessary because of an imminent threat to health or safety or other emergency;
(B) necessary for the enforcement of criminal laws; or
(C) necessary for national security.
(3) Waiver not to affect congressional disapprovals.--An exercise by the President of the authority under this subsection shall have no effect on the procedures under section 104 or the effect of a joint resolution of disapproval under this section.
(d) Treatment of Rules Issued at End of Congress.--
(1) Additional opportunity for review.--In addition to the opportunity for review otherwise provided under this title, in the case of any rule that is published in the Federal Register (as a rule that shall take effect as a final rule) during the period beginning on the date occurring 60 days before the date the Congress adjourns sine die through the date on which the succeeding Congress first convenes, section 104 shall apply to such rule in the succeeding Congress.
(2) Treatment under section 104.--
(A) In applying section 104 for purposes of such additional review, a rule described under paragraph (1) shall be treated as though--
(i) such rule were published in the Federal Register (as a rule that shall take effect as a final rule) on the 15th session day after the succeeding Congress first convenes; and
(ii) a report on such rule were submitted to Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.
(B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to affect the requirement under subsection (a)(1) that a report must be submitted to Congress before a final rule can take effect.
(3) Actual effective date not affected.--A rule described under paragraph
[[Page S4759]] (1) shall take effect as a final rule as otherwise provided by law (including other subsections of this section).
(e) Treatment of Rules Issued Before This Act.--
(1) Opportunity for congressional review.--The provisions of section 104 shall apply to any significant rule that is published in the Federal Register (as a rule that shall take effect as a final rule) during the period beginning on November 20, 1994, through the date on which this Act takes effect.
(2) Treatment under section 104.--In applying section 104 for purposes of Congressional review, a rule described under paragraph (1) shall be treated as though--
(A) such rule were published in the Federal Register (as a rule that shall take effect as a final rule) on the date of the enactment of this Act; and
(B) a report on such rule were submitted to Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.
(3) Actual effective date not affected.--The effectiveness of a rule described under paragraph (1) shall be as otherwise provided by law, unless the rule is made of no force or effect under section 104.
(f) Nullification of Rules Disapproved by Congress.--Any rule that takes effect and later is made of no force or effect by the enactment of a joint resolution under section 104 shall be treated as though such rule had never taken effect.
(g) No Inference to be Drawn Where Rules Not Disapproved.--If the Congress does not enact a joint resolution of disapproval under section 104, no court or agency may infer any intent of the Congress from any action or inaction of the Congress with regard to such rule, related statute, or joint resolution of disapproval.
SEC. 104. CONGRESSIONAL DISAPPROVAL PROCEDURE.
(a) Joint Resolution Defined.--For purposes of this section, the term ``joint resolution'' means only a joint resolution introduced during the period beginning on the date on which the report referred to in section 103(a) is received by Congress and ending 45 days thereafter, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: ``That Congress disapproves the rule submitted by the ____ relating to ____, and such rule shall have no force or effect.''. (The blank spaces being appropriately filled in.)
(b) Referral.--
(1) In general.--A resolution described in paragraph (1) shall be referred to the committees in each House of Congress with jurisdiction. Such a resolution may not be reported before the eighth day after its submission or publication date.
(2) Submission date.--For purposes of this subsection the term ``submission or publication date'' means the later of the date on which--
(A) the Congress receives the report submitted under section 103(a)(1); or
(B) the rule is published in the Federal Register.
(c) Discharge.--If the committee to which is referred a resolution described in subsection (a) has not reported such resolution (or an identical resolution) at the end of 20 calendar days after the submission or publication date defined under subsection (b)(2), such committee may be discharged from further consideration of such resolution in the Senate upon a petition supported in writing by 30 Members of the Senate and in the House upon a petition supported in writing by one-fourth of the Members duly sworn and chosen or by motion of the Speaker supported by the Minority Leader, and such resolution shall be placed on the appropriate calendar of the House involved.
(d) Floor Consideration.--
(1) In general.--When the committee to which a resolution is referred has reported, or when a committee is discharged
(under subsection (c)) from further consideration of, a resolution described in subsection (a), it is at any time thereafter in order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) for a motion to proceed to the consideration of the resolution, and all points of order against the resolution (and against consideration of resolution) are waived. The motion is not subject to amendment, or to a motion to postpone, or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the resolution is agreed to, the resolution shall remain the unfinished business of the respective House until disposed of.
(2) Debate.--Debate on the resolution, and on all debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than 10 hours, which shall be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit debate is in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the resolution is not in order.
(3) Final passage.--Immediately following the conclusion of the debate on a resolution described in subsection (a), and a single quorum call at the conclusion of the debate if requested in accordance with the rules of the appropriate House, the vote on final passage of the resolution shall occur.
(4) Appeals.--Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure relating to a resolution described in subsection
(a) shall be decided without debate.
(e) Treatment if Other House Has Acted.--If, before the passage by one House of a resolution of that House described in subsection (a), that House receives from the other House a resolution described in subsection (a), then the following procedures shall apply:
(1) Nonreferral.--The resolution of the other House shall not be referred to a committee.
(2) Final passage.--With respect to a resolution described in subsection (a) of the House receiving the resolution--
(A) the procedure in that House shall be the same as if no resolution had been received from the other House; but
(B) the vote on final passage shall be on the resolution of the other House.
(f) Constitutional Authority.--This section is enacted by Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, but applicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed in that House in the case of a resolution described in subsection (a), and it supersedes other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and
(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.
SEC. 105. SPECIAL RULE ON STATUTORY, REGULATORY AND JUDICIAL
DEADLINES.
(a) In General.--In the case of any deadline for, relating to, or involving any rule which does not take effect (or the effectiveness of which is terminated) because of the enactment of a joint resolution under section 104, that deadline is extended until the date 12 months after the date of the joint resolution. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to affect a deadline merely by reason of the postponement of a rule's effective date under section 103(a).
(b) Deadline Defined.--The term ``deadline'' means any date certain for fulfilling any obligation or exercising any authority established by or under any Federal statute or regulation, or by or under any court order implementing any Federal statute or regulation.
SEC. 106. DEFINITIONS.
For purposes of this title--
(1) Federal agency.--The term ``Federal agency'' means any
``agency'' as that term is defined in section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code (relating to administrative procedure).
(2) Significant rule.--The term ``significant rule''--
(A) means any final rule that the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs within the Office of Management and Budget finds--
(i) has an annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more or adversely affects in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or communities;
(ii) creates a serious inconsistency or otherwise interferes with an action taken or planned by another agency;
(iii) materially alters the budgetary impact of entitlement, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or
(iv) raises novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in Executive Order 12866.
(B) does not include any agency action that establishes, modifies, opens, closes, or conducts a regulatory program for a commercial, recreational, or subsistence activity relating to hunting, fishing, or camping.
(3) Final rule.--The term ``final rule'' means any final rule or interim final rule. As used in this paragraph,
``rule'' has the meaning given such term by section 551 of title 5, United States Code, except that such term does not include any rule of particular applicability including a rule that approves or prescribes for the future rates, wages, prices, services, or allowances therefor, corporate or financial structures, reorganizations, mergers, or acquisitions thereof, or accounting practices or disclosures bearing on any of the foregoing or any rule of agency organization, personnel, procedure, practice or any routine matter.
SEC. 107. JUDICIAL REVIEW.
No determination, finding, action, or omission under this title shall be subject to judicial review.
SEC. 108. APPLICABILITY; SEVERABILITY.
(a) Applicability.--This title shall apply notwithstanding any other provision of law.
(b) Severability.--If any provision of this title, or the application of any provision of this title to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, and the remainder of this title, shall not be affected thereby.
SEC. 109. EXEMPTION FOR MONETARY POLICY.
Nothing in this title shall apply to rules that concern monetary policy proposed or implemented by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Open Market Committee.
[[Page S4760]] SEC. 110. EFFECTIVE DATE.
This title shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and shall apply to any rule that takes effect as a final rule on or after such effective date.
TITLE II--TERM GRAZING PERMITS
SEC. 201. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) the Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this title as the ``Secretary'') administers the 191,000,000-acre National Forest System for multiple uses in accordance with Federal law;
(2) where suitable, one of the recognized multiple uses for National Forest System land is grazing by livestock;
(3) the Secretary authorizes grazing through the issuance of term grazing permits that have terms of not to exceed 10 years and that include terms and conditions necessary for the proper administration of National Forest System land and resources;
(4) as of the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary has issued approximately 9,000 term grazing permits authorizing grazing on approximately 90,000,000 acres of National Forest System land;
(5) of the approximately 9,000 term grazing permits issued by the Secretary, approximately one-half have expired or will expire by the end of 1996;
(6) if the holder of an expiring term grazing permit has complied with the terms and conditions of the permit and remains eligible and qualified, that individual is considered to be a preferred applicant for a new term grazing permit in the event that the Secretary determines that grazing remains an appropriate use of the affected National Forest System land;
(7) in addition to the approximately 9,000 term grazing permits issued by the Secretary, it is estimated that as many as 1,600 term grazing permits may be waived by permit holders to the Secretary in favor of a purchaser of the permit holder's permitted livestock or base property by the end of 1996;
(8) to issue new term grazing permits, the Secretary must comply with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and other laws;
(9) for a large percentage of the grazing permits that will expire or be waived to the Secretary by the end of 1996, the Secretary has devised a strategy that will result in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and other applicable laws (including regulations) in a timely and efficient manner and enable the Secretary to issue new term grazing permits, where appropriate;
(10) for a small percentage of the grazing permits that will expire or be waived to the Secretary by the end of 1996, the strategy will not provide for the timely issuance of new term grazing permits; and
(11) in cases in which ranching operations involve the use of a term grazing permit issued by the Secretary, it is essential for new term grazing permits to be issued in a timely manner for financial and other reasons.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this title is to ensure that grazing continues without interruption on National Forest System land in a manner that provides long-term protection of the environment and improvement of National Forest System rangeland resources while also providing short-term certainty to holders of expiring term grazing permits and purchasers of a permit holder's permitted livestock or base property.
SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Expiring term grazing permit.--The term ``expiring term grazing permit'' means a term grazing permit--
(A) that expires in 1995 or 1996; or
(B) that expired in 1994 and was not replaced with a new term grazing permit solely because the analysis required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and other applicable laws has not been completed.
(2) Final agency action.--The term ``final agency action'' means agency action with respect to which all available administrative remedies have been exhausted.
(3) Term grazing permit.--The term ``term grazing permit means a term grazing permit or grazing agreement issued by the Secretary under section 402 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1752), section 19 of the Act entitled ``An Act to facilitate and simplify the work of the Forest Service, and for other purposes'', approved April 24, 1950 (commonly known as the ``Granger-Thye Act'')
(16 U.S.C. 580l), or other law.
SEC. 203. ISSUANCE OF NEW TERM GRAZING PERMITS.
(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, regulation, policy, court order, or court sanctioned settlement agreement, the Secretary shall issue a new term grazing permit without regard to whether the analysis required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and other applicable laws has been completed, or final agency action respecting the analysis has been taken--
(1) to the holder of an expiring term grazing permit; or
(2) to the purchaser of a term grazing permit holder's permitted livestock or base property if--
(A) between January 1, 1995, and December 1, 1996, the holder has waived the term grazing permit to the Secretary pursuant to section 222.3(c)(1)(iv) of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations; and
(B) the purchaser of the term grazing permit holder's permitted livestock or base property is eligible and qualified to hold a term grazing permit.
(b) Terms and Conditions.--Except as provided in subsection
(c)--
(1) a new term grazing permit under subsection (a)(1) shall contain the same terms and conditions as the expired term grazing permit; and
(2) a new term grazing permit under subsection (a)(2) shall contain the same terms and conditions as the waived permit.
(c) Duration.--
(1) In general.--A new term grazing permit under subsection
(a) shall expire on the earlier of--
(A) the date that is 3 years after the date on which it is issued; or
(B) the date on which final agency action is taken with respect to the analysis required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and other applicable laws.
(2) Final action in less than 3 years.--If final agency action is taken with respect to the analysis required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and other applicable laws before the date that is 3 years after the date on which a new term grazing permit is issued under subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
(A) cancel the new term grazing permit; and
(B) if appropriate, issue a term grazing permit for a term not to exceed 10 years under terms and conditions as are necessary for the proper administration of National Forest System rangeland resources.
(d) Date of Issuance.--
(1) Expiration on or before date of enactment.--In the case of an expiring term grazing permit that has expired on or before the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a new term grazing permit under subsection (a)(1) not later than 15 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
(2) Expiration after date of enactment.--In the case of an expiring term grazing permit that expires after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a new term grazing permit under subsection (a)(1) on expiration of the expiring term grazing permit.
(3) Waived permits.--In the case of a term grazing permit waived to the Secretary pursuant to section 222.3(c)(1)(iv) of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1996, the Secretary shall issue a new term grazing permit under subsection (a)(2) not later than 60 days after the date on which the holder waives a term grazing permit to the Secretary.
SEC. 204. ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL AND JUDICIAL REVIEW.
The issuance of a new term grazing permit under section 203(a) shall not be subject to administrative appeal or judicial review.
SEC. 205. REPEAL.
This title is repealed effective as of January 1, 2001.
TITLE III--GENERAL PROVISION
SEC. 301. SENSE OF SENATE REGARDING AMERICAN CITIZENS HELD IN
IRAQ.
(a) Findings.--The Senate makes the following findings:
(1) On Saturday, March 25, 1995, an Iraqi court sentenced two Americans, William Barloon and David Daliberti, to eight years imprisonment for allegedly entering Iraq without permission.
(2) The two men were tried, convicted, and sentenced in what was reported to be a very brief period during that day with no other Americans present and with their only legal counsel having been appointed by the Government of Iraq.
(3) The Department of State has stated that the two Americans have committed no offense justifying imprisonment and has demanded that they be released immediately.
(4) This injustice worsens already strained relations between the United States and Iraq and makes resolution of differences with Iraq more difficult.
(b) Sense of Senate.--The Senate strongly condemns the unjustified actions taken by the Government of Iraq against American citizens William Barloon and David Daliberti and urges their immediate release from prison and safe exit from Iraq. Further, the Senate urges the President of the United States to take all appropriate action to assure their prompt release and safe exit from Iraq.
Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I move to reconsider the vote.
Mrs. HUTCHISON. I move to lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was agreed to.
Mr. NICKLES addressed the Chair.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oklahoma.
Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, again I wish to thank my colleague, Senator Reid, but also I wish to thank Senator Hutchison and Senator Bond, Senator Levin, and particularly, on Senator Levin's staff, Linda Gustitus, and Senator Glenn.
In addition, I wish to thank several of my staff members who have worked on this for the last couple of months--Diane Moery, Mark Whitenton, Les Brorsen, and Bret Bernhardt--for their tireless efforts.
Mr. President, I think this is a good bill, one that in my opinion is a significant improvement over the House, and
[[Page S4761]] I will be urging our House colleagues to adopt the Senate approach.
Mr. REID. Mr. President, I wanted to make sure that those people who worked on this side of the aisle on the last piece of legislation, which I believe is some of the best work we have done this year in the Senate, have proper recognition.
We spent most of the last 2 days working out problems that developed in the legislation. It could not have been accomplished without my personal staff representative, Paul Henry, and especially the former chief of staff of the Governmental Affairs Committee, Len Weiss, who was instrumental in our being able to develop and craft various amendments, and also the person who had as much to do as anyone with our being able to pass this important legislation, Linda Gustitus, who has been with Senator Levin since he has been in the Senate. Her help on this matter was vital.
I wish to make sure the Record reflects again that this was a bipartisan piece of legislation, not only as the vote indicates but also as indicated in the statement made by Senator Nickles and me. The staff was also bipartisan.
Mr. GLENN addressed the Chair.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Ohio.
Mr. GLENN. If the Senator will yield, I just wanted to associate myself with the remarks of the Senator from Nevada about the staff members on both sides. On something like this, there are a lot of controversial items. I see Senator Nickles still in the Chamber. The staff of the Senator from Oklahoma and all of our staff members--we get credit for a lot of things done around here, but the staffs are the ones who put these things together and spend the long hours back and forth working out all the details.
There has not been anything pass through the Senate in some time that required more negotiating back and forth, I think, than we did in this legislation--all done in good faith by staff. We trust them. I am glad the Senator from Nevada chose to honor them. They deserve it.
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, if the Senator will yield, let me also thank him and Senator Nickles and their staffs for the work that they put in on this bill and for taking the time, both of them, to thank the staffs for the tremendous work that they have done. We thank them for their own work and for recognizing the importance of our staffs.
____________________
