Dear Secretary Azar:
We write with concern regarding the troubling approach recently taken by the Trump Administration during the course of negotiations at the World Health Assembly (WHA) regarding a resolution on breastfeeding. According to news reports, the U.S. delegation opposed a resolution to encourage breastfeeding and limit misleading advertising regarding the benefits of formula, threatened countries considering sponsoring the resolution, and weakened the language in the resolution - even taking the unusual step of introducing a competing resolution.[1][2] As you know, there is substantial evidence and significant support from medical and public health organizations about the numerous benefits of breastfeeding, and we are therefore concerned about efforts by the Administration to undermine science-based efforts to increase breastfeeding and improve global public health.
Each family should decide what options work best for them. Public policy should help make sure families have information necessary to make informed decisions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) calls breastfeeding the “clinical gold standard for infant feeding" and states that infants who are breastfed are at reduced risk for asthma, obesity, type 2 diabetes, ear and respiratory infections, and sudden infant death syndrome. Breastfeeding can also lower a mother’s risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer.[3] According to UNICEF, breastfed children have at least a six times greater chance of survival in the early months than non-breastfed children, and optimal breastfeeding of infants less than two years old could prevent over 800,000 deaths in children under five in the developing world.[4] The American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American Public Health Association all recommend breastfeeding and tout its health and economic benefits.[5]
The United States has consistently and repeatedly joined efforts to encourage breastfeeding. In 2014, the Surgeon General released a Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding that included information for mothers to help them successfully breastfeed their infants, while also acknowledging that not all mothers are able to breastfeed.[6] Research by the U.S. Government Accountability Office and others finding that promoting formula products could lead to lower rates of breastfeeding led to the World Health Organization’s International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, a set of guidelines that ensure infant formula is marketed in a way to minimize negative effects on breastfeeding.[7]
It is therefore confounding that the Administration used this global forum to back away from the United States’ previous support for breastfeeding, and such a change in position raises serious questions as to the rationale for this approach. Efforts to, as news reports allege, upend the breastfeeding resolution to protect the interests of infant formula manufacturers in turn fail to help provide women with the information they need to make the best choices for themselves and their families. The United States should be advocating for policies that help improve maternal and child health both domestically and internationally, including as a way to address health disparities. For example, black infants are 21 percent less likely to have ever been breastfed than white infants. Furthermore, low rates of breastfeeding are estimated to add more than $3 billion a year to medical costs for mother and child within the United States.[8]
It is clear the United States should be doing more to support breastfeeding, not fighting international efforts to promote it and to ensure that advertising for formula is not misleading. We therefore ask that you respond to the following questions regarding the resolution and the United States’ position on breastfeeding by July 31, 2018:
Thank you in advance for your attention to this matter. If you have any questions, or would like to further discuss compliance with this request, please contact Laurel Sakai or Elizabeth Letter with Senator Murray’s HELP Committee Staff at 202-224-0767.
