For over a century, Appalachia has become synonymous with American underdevelopment, casting a pall over its rich history, culture, and natural beauty. But if recent trends are any indication, this region, which has long been perceived as trailing behind the rest of the nation, is poised for a turnaround.
Historically, many government interventions aimed at bolstering Appalachia's economy have borne mixed results. Yet, in recent years, particularly in the Sunbelt region, a shimmering glint of optimism has emerged. South Appalachia, stretching south of the borders of Tennessee and North Carolina, is witnessing an upswing in economic and population growth. Over 70% of its counties are expanding, and a majority are regaining the job numbers lost to the pandemic. This contrasts starkly with North Appalachia, which mirrors the lackluster performance of the northern United States.
The rapid rise of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic has cast a transformative light on Appalachia's potential. The new work paradigm means two significant things for the region. First, it provides an incentive for people with remote jobs to relocate to Appalachia, drawn perhaps by the region's natural beauty or cost of living. Second, it opens doors for Appalachians, creating access to higher-paying job opportunities without the need to migrate.
Communities like West Virginia, sensing this monumental shift, have taken proactive steps. Through initiatives like the Ascend program, the state aims to attract remote workers, signaling a belief in Appalachia's potential as a hotspot for the remote workforce. Private sectors have also joined the fray. From brokers connecting Appalachian denizens to remote work to developers capitalizing on the growing housing demand, the gears of change are turning.
Yet, as the sun shines brighter on South Appalachia, courtesy of the Sunbelt growth, rising housing costs, and the spillover from booming cities like Atlanta, North Appalachia's path seems a bit rockier. The key for these communities isn't merely to ignite growth through governmental policies. Instead, they must sidestep policies that could hinder growth, such as restrictive environmental legislation or housing regulations. Given the low population in many of Appalachia's rural areas, even a modest surge in demand can elevate housing prices considerably. A review of their tax structures may also be warranted, ensuring they don't disproportionately stifle the region's industries.
The success stories of Chillicothe, Ohio, and the Ascend, WV program provide a roadmap for Appalachian communities. There's a need to amplify their unique offerings (like their historical downtowns), bolster broadband infrastructure, and innovate to connect residents to lucrative remote work opportunities. Even modest successes in these areas can significantly impact smaller communities.
But let's be clear: the goal isn't necessarily to transform every Appalachian town into a bustling boomtown. Instead, it's about leveraging the strengths these communities already possess. We've seen the transformation of areas once stigmatized – take North Idaho for instance. Once labeled for its extremist compounds, it's now a sought-after destination.
Similarly, Appalachia is perfectly positioned to redefine its narrative. As towns like Foxburg in the Allegheny Valley or Gainsboro in Tennessee invest in enhancing their local appeal, they're aligning with a market increasingly shaped by remote work and the spread of economic opportunities. Appalachia's scenic locales, combined with its unique culture, make it a prime candidate for America's evolving demographic and economic landscape.
It's time to shed the outdated perceptions of Appalachia. The region, rich in both human and natural assets, is not merely catching up but is poised to redefine its legacy in America's future. The challenges that once defined it are being replaced with opportunities, proving that Appalachia's prospects shine brighter than ever.
Charles Blain is the President of Urban Reform Institute, a champion for free market solutions in urban policy, and a regular commentator on Fox 26 Houston. His insights have been featured in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and the Houston Chronicle, among others.
Read the full report on the Future of Appalachia from the Urban Reform Institute here.
